Publication
Giving DIAnA More TIME – Guidance for the Design of XAI-Based Medical Decision Support Systems
Enrico Bunde; Daniel Eisenhardt; Daniel Sonntag; Hans-Jürgen Profitlich; Christian Meske
In: 18th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology, DESRIST 2023. International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology (DESRIST-2023), May 31 - June 3, Pretoria, South Africa, Springer Nature Switzerland, 5/2023.
Abstract
Future healthcare ecosystems integrating human-centered artificial
intelligence (AI) will be indispensable. AI-based healthcare technologies can sup-
port diagnosis processes and make healthcare more accessible globally. In this con-
text, we conducted a design science research project intending to introduce design
principles for user interfaces (UIs) of explainable AI-based (XAI) medical deci-
sion support systems (XAI-based MDSS). We used an archaeological approach
to analyze the UI of an existing web-based system in the context of skin lesion
classification called DIAnA (Dermatological Images – Analysis and Archiving).
One of DIAnA’s unique characteristics is that it should be usable for the stake-
holder groups of physicians and patients. We conducted the in-situ analysis with
these stakeholders using the think-aloud method and semi-structured interviews.
We anchored our interview guide in concepts of the Theory of Interactive Media
Effects (TIME), which formulates UI features as causes and user psychology as
effects. Based on the results, we derived 20 design requirements and developed
nine design principles grounded in TIME for this class of XAI-based MDSS, either
associated with the needs of physicians, patients, or both. Regarding evaluation,
we first conducted semi-structured interviews with software developers to assess
the reusability of our design principles. Afterward, we conducted a survey with
user experience/interface designers. The evaluation uncovered that 77% of the
participants would adopt the design principles, and 82% would recommend them
to colleagues for a suitable project. The findings prove the reusability of the design
principles and highlight a positive perception by potential implementers.