Publication
Automatic Image and Video Understanding for Investigations of Child Sexual Abuse
Adrian Ulges; Christian Schulze; Armin Stahl
In: Abstract Book of the 6th European Academy of Forensic Science Conference . European Academy of Forensic Science Conference (EAFS-12), Towards Forensic Science 2.0, located at 6th, August 20-24, Den Haag, Netherlands, ENFSI, 8/2012.
Abstract
The multimedia explosion poses a difficult challenge to forensic investigators of child sexual abuse (CSA), who find themselves confronted with a flood of digital images and videos to be evaluated under severe time pressure. Here, image and video analysis offers a powerful tool to increase the efficiency of this process by a computer-aided prioritization, filtering, and linking of material. Several commercial solutions (like NetClean Analyze, ZIUZ VizX2, Videntifier Forensics, or LTU Image Seeker) do already provide functionality for a similarity matching of seized images and videos with reference datasets, for detecting nudity, or for an efficient visualization of content. This raises the question whether advanced computer vision can be exploited even further in this domain. In our presentation, we follow this line of thought and present two innovative approaches from our research projects iCOP, INBEKI, and FIVES: 1) Automatic CSA detection: Can a computer automatically recognize if an image or video shows child abuse? This is obviously a challenging problem. However, recent advances in visual recognition suggest that - though accuracy is far from perfect - a prioritization and filtering of content by its "suspiciousness" is possible. Following this idea, we present a system for CSA detection that combines multiple information sources such as image texture/color, motion, audio, and facial age estimation. While prior work in the area has been targeted at detecting pornography in general, our work is explicitly targeted at child pornography. Results of an evaluation conducted with police partners indicate that - with error rates in the range of 11-24% - CSA detection is less accurate than regular porn detection but may be a powerful tool for content filtering. 2) Establishing Connections between Cases: Are two cases of child abuse connected? This is another important question to investigators, who apply image search techniques to match the crime scenes of new query cases and known reference cases. In this context, we present a local feature matching technique that allows investigators to search for objects of interest like toys (even if these appear in front of different backgrounds) and to conduct a transitive matching of crime scenes (even if there is only indirect visual overlap with the query case). Results on a case dataset provided by police practitioners are presented.